Thursday 3 June 2010

Tunnelling Techniques

Introduction

Need to consider:

Type of ground

Method of tunnelling

Removal of spoil

Ground water control

Types & Methods

Used for road, rail, water, gas, sewerage, storm water and services

Techniques are numerous depending on ground & permanent use:

Hand

Trenchless technology

Traditional

New Austrian (NATM)

Boring

Immersed tubes

Traditional

Usually rock, up to approx 200m2 csa

Drill & blast

Spoil loaded into trucks

Can use benching

Propping may be required

NATM

New Austrian Tunnelling Method

Designed by the Swiss used under licence in UK by Caledonian Mining Company Ltd

Uses lattice girders, metal mesh and shotcrete

Ease of use

Boring

Rock needs to be classified

Whole face boring

Roadheaders

Immersed Tubes

Lowering prefabricated tubes onto a pre-prepared sea or river bed.

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